25. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS, SALTS, THE BASES IN THE LIGHT OF THE THEORY AD.

Here chemical properties of acids and the bases from the point of view of the theory of electrolytic dissociation, i.e. the reactions proceeding in solutions will be considered. What signs speak about course of reactions? Reaction proceeds in solution if:

According to the theory of electrolytic dissociation all reactions in aqueous solutions of electrolytes are reactions between ions. They are called ionic reactions, and the equations of these reactions - ionic reactions. Here record of the equations of reactions in three forms is presented: molecular, the full ionic, reduced ionic.

I.Химические of property of acids
1.kislota + the metal (standing to hydrogen in EHR of tension)	2HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2 2H+ + 2Cl-+Mg Mg2 + + 2Cl-+ H2 2H+ + MgMg2 + + H2
2.kislota + osnovny oxide	2HCl + MgO MgCl2 + H2O 2H+ + 2Cl-+MgO Mg2 + + 2Cl-+ H2O 2H+ +MgO Mg2 + + H2O
3. acid + basis	HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O H + + Cl-+ Na + + OH-Na ++ Cl-+ H2O H + + OH-H2O
4. acid + salt	HCl +AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3 H + + Cl-+ Ag + + NO3-AgCl + H + + NO3- Ag + + Cl-AgCl
Ii.Khimicheskiye of property of alkalis
1.shchyoloch + acid	NaOH +HCl NaCl + H2O Na + + OH-+ H+ + Cl-Na ++ Cl-+ H2O H + + OH-H2O
2.shchyoloch + acid oxide	2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O 2Na + + 2OH-+ CO22Na + + CO32-+ H2O 2OH-+ CO2 CO32-+ H2O
3.shchyoloch + salt	2NaOH +MgCl2Mg (OH)2 + 2NaCl 2Na + + 2OH-+ Mg2 ++ 2Cl-Mg(OH)2 +2 Na ++ 2 Cl- 2OH-+ Mg2+Mg(OH)2
Iii.Khimicheskiye of property of salts
1.sol + metal	Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe + Cu2 + + SO42-Fe2 ++ SO42-+ Cu Fe + Cu2 + Fe2 ++ Cu
2.sol + alkali	(see above)
3.sol + acid	(see above)
4.sol + salt	NaCl +AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3 Na + + Cl-+ Ag + + NO3-AgCl + Na + + NO3- Ag + + Cl-AgCl

Thus, izbrazhena any reactions proceeding in solutions both between electrolytes, and between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes can be the ionic equations. If at such reactions there is no change of charge of ions, then they are called ion-exchange.

  

 

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