24. THE BASES, ACIDS AND SALTS IN THE THEORY AD.

Bases. The name "basis" has been originally carried to substances which in reactions with acids form salts. Hydroxides of many metals belong to the bases.
Examples: NaOH - sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), KOH - potassium hydroxide (caustic heat), Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime).
The bases which are well dissolved in water are called alkalis, hydroxides alkaline concern To them and alkaline-earth металловС the points of view of the theory of electrolytic dissociation of the basis are the substances dissociating in aqueous solution with formation of anions of one look - hydroxide - ions IT^-.
In general view the equation of electrolytic dissociation of the basis has appearance:
The basis-> basis Cation + Hydroxide - ion

NaOH Na ++ OH- Ba(OH)2 Ba2 ++ 2OH- NH3·H2O NH4 ++ OH-

Acids. Acids have historically received the name because of acid taste of aqueous solutions тактх substances as chlorohydrogen or acetic acid. From the point of view of the theory of electrolytic dissociation of acid are the substances dissociating in aqueous solution with formation of cations of one look - ^{H+ hydrogen} cations.
In general view the equation of electrolytic dissociation of acid has appearance:
Acid-> hydrogen Cation + Anion of acid radical

H2SO4 2H + + SO42- CH3COOH H + = CH3COO-

Salts. From the point of view of the theory of electrolytic reaction of salt are substances which in aqueous solution dissociate with formation of cations of the basis and anions of acid radical.
In general view the equation of electrolytic dissociation of salts has the following appearance:
Salt-> basis Cation + Anion of acid radical

BaCl2 Ba2 + + 2Cl- K2CO3 K + + CO32-

  

 

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