19. ACIDS. CLASSIFICATION. RECEIVING. PROPERTIES.

Acids - the complex substances consisting of one or several hydrogen atoms capable to be replaced on atom of metals, and acid radicals. The number of hydrogen atoms defines basicity of acids.

Acid formula	Name
HCl	chlorohydrogen, or hydrochloric acid
HF	ftorovodorodny, or etching acid
HI	iodohydracid
HBr	bromovodorodny acid
HNO2	nitrous acid
HNO3	nitric acid
H2S	hydrosulphuric acid
H2SO3	sulphurous acid
H2SO4	sulphuric acid
H2CO3	carbonic acid
H2SiO3	silicon acid
H3PO4	phosphoric acid

Classification of acids.

HNO2, HNO3, H2SO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, H2SiO3, H3PO4

HCl, HF, HI, H2S

Receiving acids.

Oxygen-containing	1. Acid oxide + water	SO3+H2O=H2SO4 P2O5+3H2O=2H3PO4
	2. Nonmetal + strong oxidizer	P+5HNO3+2H2O=3H3PO4+5NO
	3.sol + less volatile acid	NaNO3+H2SO4=HNO3+NaHSO4
Oxygen-free	1. Hydrogen + nonmetal	H2+Cl2=2HCl
	2.sol + less volatile acid	NaCl+H2SO4=2HCl+NaHSO4

Chemical properties.

Oxygen-containing	Oxygen-free
1. Change coloring of indicators
litmus - red, methyl orange - red (only for soluble acids)
2. Interaction with the metals standing to hydrogen
H2SO4+Ca=CaSO4+H2	2HCl+Ca=CaCl2+H2
2. Interaction with the main oxides
H2SO4+CaO=CaSO4+H2O	2HCl+CaO=CaCl2+H2O
3. Interaction with the bases
H2SO4+Ca(OH)2=CaSO4+2H2O	2HCl+Ca (OH)2=CaCl2+2H2O
4. Interaction with amphoteric oxides
H2SO4+ZnO=ZnSO4+H2O	2HCl+ZnO=ZnCl2+H2O
5. Interaction with salts if the slightly soluble, flying or low-dissociating substance is formed
H2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4+2HCl	2HCl+Na2CO3=2NaCl+H2O+CO2
6. When heating
Weak acids easily decay H2SiO3=H2O+SiO2	H2S=H2+S

 

 

  

 

---

diesel generators of power plant, farymann volvo bmt3 | The extender for lawn-mower | Rent of power plant in Moscow

20

---

The extender for lawn-mower | diesel generators of power plant, farymann volvo bmt3