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13. TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
Chemical reactions by amount of mother substances and reaction products can be divided into groups:
Type of chemical reaction Definition Example Connections Reactions between two simple substances, or between several difficult, at the same time one complex or more complex substance is formed. CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2
PbO+SiO2=PbSiO3
2Na+Cl2=2NaClDecomposition Reactions at which of one substance several simple or complex substances are formed. Cu(OH)2=CuO+H2O
CaCO3=CaO+CO2
NH4Cl=NH3+HCl
Substitutions Reactions between complex and simple substances at which atoms of simple substance replace one of atoms of difficult CuSO4+Fe=FeSO4+Cu
2KBr+Cl2=2KCl+Br2
Exchange Reactions between two complex substances at which they exchange the components AgNO3+KBr=AgBr
NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O
I will a little tell about oxidation reduction reactions, i.e. reactions at which there is change степенй oxidations:
In this reaction oxidation levels at chlorine and sodium have changed, therefore it is okislitelno - recovery. Sodium gives electrons to chlorine, it is reducer; chlorine accepts electrons, is oxidizer. Process of return of electrons is called oxidation, accession process - recovery. We will get acquainted with these reactions and processes in the section "Oxidation reduction reactions"
Let's get acquainted with the main classes of non-organic substances which we will study in more detail later. The substances relating to one of classes will occur in the following sections. This material has fact-finding character.
Oxides.
Oxides the-syllabic substances consisting of two chemical elements, one of which oxygen in oxidation level-2. CO2 carbon oxide (IV), H2O-hydrogen oxide
Bases. The bases - the complex substances consisting of atom of the metal connected with one or several gidroksogruppa - IT NaOH-sodium hydroxide, Fe (OH) 2 ferrous hydroxide (II)
Acids. Acids - the complex substances consisting of one or several hydrogen atoms capable to be replaced on metal atoms, and acid radicals. HCl-salt, or chlorohydrogen, H2SO4 - sulphuric acid, H3PO4 - phosphoric acid
Salts. Salt the-syllabic substances consisting of atoms of metal and acid radical. NaCl-sodium chloride, MgSO4-magnesium sulfate, FePO4-ferrous phosphate (III)
